2008 Legislation
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HOUSE BILL NO. 516<br /> – Substance abuse crime/addictn/pnlty

HOUSE BILL NO. 516

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H0516................................by JUDICIARY, RULES AND ADMINISTRATION
SUBSTANCE ABUSE CRIMES - Amends existing law to provide additional options
for sentencing for certain substance abuse related crimes; and to include
additional information required to be reported by the Supreme Court and the
Department of Correction to the Legislature and the Governor regarding
mental health and substance abuse treatment.

02/12    House intro - 1st rdg - to printing
02/13    Rpt prt - to Jud

Bill Text




                                                                       
  ]]]]              LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF IDAHO             ]]]]
 Fifty-ninth Legislature                   Second Regular Session - 2008

                                                                       

                              IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                                     HOUSE BILL NO. 516

                      BY JUDICIARY, RULES AND ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEE

  1                                        AN ACT
  2    RELATING TO CRIMINAL OFFENSES AND SENTENCING; AMENDING SECTION 37-2732B, IDAHO
  3        CODE, TO PROVIDE  ADDITIONAL  OPTIONS  FOR  SENTENCING;  AMENDING  SECTION
  4        37-2739A,  IDAHO CODE, TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL OPTIONS FOR SENTENCING AND TO
  5        MAKE A TECHNICAL CORRECTION; AMENDING  SECTION  19-2524,  IDAHO  CODE,  TO
  6        INCLUDE  ADDITIONAL  INFORMATION  REQUIRED  TO  BE REPORTED BY THE SUPREME
  7        COURT AND THE DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION TO  THE  LEGISLATURE  AND  GOVERNOR
  8        REGARDING  MENTAL  HEALTH  AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT; AND PROVIDING AN
  9        EFFECTIVE DATE AND APPLICATION.

 10    Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Idaho:

 11        SECTION 1.  That Section 37-2732B, Idaho Code, be, and the same is  hereby
 12    amended to read as follows:

 13        37-2732B.  TRAFFICKING -- MANDATORY SENTENCES. (a) Except as authorized in
 14    this  chapter,  and  notwithstanding  the provisions of section 37-2732, Idaho
 15    Code:
 16        (1)  Any person who knowingly manufactures, delivers, or brings into  this
 17        state,  or  who  is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, one
 18        (1) pound of marijuana or more, or twenty-five (25)  marijuana  plants  or
 19        more,  as  defined  in section 37-2701, Idaho Code, is guilty of a felony,
 20        which felony shall be known as "trafficking in marijuana." If the quantity
 21        of marijuana involved:
 22             (A)  Is one (1) pound or more, but less than five (5) pounds, or con-
 23             sists of twenty-five (25) marijuana plants or  more  but  fewer  than
 24             fifty  (50) marijuana plants, regardless of the size or weight of the
 25             plants, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory  minimum  fixed
 26             term  of  imprisonment  of  one (1) year and fined not less than five
 27             thousand dollars ($5,000);
 28             (B)  Is five (5) pounds or  more,  but  less  than  twenty-five  (25)
 29             pounds,  or consists of fifty (50) marijuana plants or more but fewer
 30             than one hundred (100) marijuana plants, regardless of  the  size  or
 31             weight  of  the plants, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory
 32             minimum fixed term of imprisonment of three (3) years and  fined  not
 33             less than ten thousand dollars ($10,000);
 34             (C)  Is  twenty-five  (25) pounds or more, or consists of one hundred
 35             (100) marijuana plants or more, regardless of the size or  weight  of
 36             the  plants,  such  person  shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum
 37             fixed term of imprisonment of five (5) years and fined not less  than
 38             fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000).
 39             (D)  The  maximum  number of years of imprisonment for trafficking in
 40             marijuana shall be fifteen (15) years, and the maximum fine shall  be
 41             fifty thousand dollars ($50,000).
 42             (E)  For the purposes of this section, the weight of the marijuana is
 43             its  weight when seized or as determined as soon as practicable after

                                       2

  1             seizure, unless the provisions of  subsection  (c)  of  this  section
  2             apply.
  3        (2)  Any  person who knowingly manufactures, delivers, or brings into this
  4        state, or who is  knowingly  in  actual  or  constructive  possession  of,
  5        twenty-eight  (28) grams or more of cocaine or of any mixture or substance
  6        containing a detectable amount of cocaine is guilty  of  a  felony,  which
  7        felony  shall  be  known  as  "trafficking  in  cocaine."  If the quantity
  8        involved:
  9             (A)  Is twenty-eight (28) grams or more, but less  than  two  hundred
 10             (200)  grams,  such  person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum
 11             fixed term of imprisonment of three (3) years and fined not less than
 12             ten thousand dollars ($10,000);
 13             (B)  Is two hundred (200) grams or more, but less than  four  hundred
 14             (400)  grams,  such  person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum
 15             fixed term of imprisonment of five (5) years and fined not less  than
 16             fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000);
 17             (C)  Is  four  hundred (400) grams or more, such person shall be sen-
 18             tenced to a mandatory minimum fixed term of imprisonment of ten  (10)
 19             years and fined not less than twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000).
 20             (D)  The  maximum  number of years of imprisonment for trafficking in
 21             cocaine shall be life, and the maximum  fine  shall  be  one  hundred
 22             thousand dollars ($100,000).
 23        (3)  Any  person  who  knowingly  manufactures  or attempts to manufacture
 24        methamphetamine and/or amphetamine is guilty of a felony  which  shall  be
 25        known as "trafficking in methamphetamine and/or amphetamine by manufactur-
 26        ing."  Any  person  convicted  of  trafficking  in  methamphetamine and/or
 27        amphetamine by attempted manufacturing shall be sentenced to  a  mandatory
 28        minimum fixed term of imprisonment of two (2) years and not to exceed fif-
 29        teen  (15) years imprisonment and fined not less than ten thousand dollars
 30        ($10,000). Any person convicted of trafficking in  methamphetamine  and/or
 31        amphetamine  by  manufacturing  shall  be sentenced to a mandatory minimum
 32        fixed term of imprisonment of five  (5)  years  and  not  to  exceed  life
 33        imprisonment   and  fined  not  less  than  twenty-five  thousand  dollars
 34        ($25,000). The maximum number of years of imprisonment for trafficking  in
 35        methamphetamine and/or amphetamine by manufacturing shall be life, and the
 36        maximum fine shall be one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000).
 37        (4)  Any  person who knowingly delivers, or brings into this state, or who
 38        is knowingly in actual or constructive possession  of,  twenty-eight  (28)
 39        grams  or more of methamphetamine or amphetamine or of any mixture or sub-
 40        stance containing a detectable amount of methamphetamine or amphetamine is
 41        guilty of a felony, which felony shall be known as "trafficking in metham-
 42        phetamine or amphetamine." If the quantity involved:
 43             (A)  Is twenty-eight (28) grams or more, but less  than  two  hundred
 44             (200)  grams,  such  person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum
 45             fixed term of imprisonment of three (3) years and fined not less than
 46             ten thousand dollars ($10,000);
 47             (B)  Is two hundred (200) grams or more, but less than  four  hundred
 48             (400)  grams,  such  person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum
 49             fixed term of imprisonment of five (5) years and fined not less  than
 50             fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000);
 51             (C)  Is  four  hundred (400) grams or more, such person shall be sen-
 52             tenced to a mandatory minimum fixed term of imprisonment of ten  (10)
 53             years and fined not less than twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000).
 54             (D)  The  maximum  number of years of imprisonment for trafficking in
 55             methamphetamine or amphetamine shall be life, and  the  maximum  fine

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  1             shall be one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000).
  2        (5)  Any  person  who  knowingly  manufactures, delivers, brings into this
  3        state, or who is knowingly in actual or  constructive  possession  of  the
  4        below-specified quantities of any of the following immediate precursors to
  5        methamphetamine  or  amphetamine  (namely  ephedrine,  methylamine, methyl
  6        formamide,  phenylacetic  acid,  phenylacetone,  or  pseudoephedrine)   as
  7        defined in section 37-2707(g)(1), Idaho Code, or any compound,  mixture or
  8        preparation  which  contains a detectable quantity of these substances, is
  9        guilty of a felony which shall  be  known  as  "trafficking  in  immediate
 10        precursors of methamphetamine or amphetamine." If the quantity:
 11             (A)  Of ephedrine is five hundred (500) grams or more;
 12             (B)  Of methylamine is one-half (1/2) pint or more;
 13             (C)  Of methyl formamide is one-quarter (1/4) pint or more;
 14             (D)  Of phenylacetic acid is five hundred (500) grams or more;
 15             (E)  Of phenylacetone is four hundred (400) grams or more;
 16             (F)  Of pseudoephedrine is five hundred (500) grams or more;
 17        such  person  shall  be  sentenced  to  a  mandatory minimum fixed term of
 18        imprisonment of ten (10) years and fined not less than  twenty-five  thou-
 19        sand  dollars  ($25,000).  The maximum number of years of imprisonment for
 20        trafficking in immediate precursors of methamphetamine or  amphetamine  in
 21        the  quantities specified in paragraphs (A) through (F) of this subsection
 22        (5) shall be life, and the maximum fine shall be one hundred thousand dol-
 23        lars ($100,000). If the quantity of pseudoephedrine  is  twenty-five  (25)
 24        grams  or  more, but less than five hundred (500) grams, such person shall
 25        be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of up to ten (10) years  and  fined
 26        not more than twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000).
 27        (6)  Any  person  who knowingly manufactures, delivers or brings into this
 28        state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive  possession  of,  two
 29        (2)  grams  or  more  of  heroin or any salt, isomer, or salt of an isomer
 30        thereof, or two (2) grams or more of any mixture or substance containing a
 31        detectable amount of any such substance is guilty of a felony, which  fel-
 32        ony shall be known as "trafficking in heroin." If the quantity involved:
 33             (A)  Is  two  (2)  grams or more, but less than seven (7) grams, such
 34             person shall be sentenced  to  a  mandatory  minimum  fixed  term  of
 35             imprisonment  of three (3) years and fined not less than ten thousand
 36             dollars ($10,000);
 37             (B)  Is seven (7) grams or more,  but  less  than  twenty-eight  (28)
 38             grams,  such  person  shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum fixed
 39             term of imprisonment of ten (10) years and fined not less  than  fif-
 40             teen thousand dollars ($15,000);
 41             (C)  Is  twenty-eight  (28)  grams or more, such person shall be sen-
 42             tenced to a mandatory minimum fixed term of imprisonment  of  fifteen
 43             (15)  years  and  fined  not  less  than twenty-five thousand dollars
 44             ($25,000).
 45             (D)  The maximum number of years of imprisonment for  trafficking  in
 46             heroin shall be life, and the maximum fine shall be one hundred thou-
 47             sand dollars ($100,000).
 48        (7)  A second conviction for any trafficking offense as defined in subsec-
 49        tion  (a)  of  this section shall result in a mandatory minimum fixed term
 50        that is twice that otherwise required under this section.
 51        (8)  Notwithstanding any other provision of law, with respect to any  per-
 52        son  who is found to have violated the provisions of this section, adjudi-
 53        cation of guilt or the imposition or execution of sentence  shall  not  be
 54        suspended,  deferred,  or  withheld, nor shall such person be eligible for
 55        parole prior to serving the  mandatory minimum fixed term of  imprisonment

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  1        prescribed  in this section. Further, the court shall not retain jurisdic-
  2        tion.
  3        (b)  Any person who  agrees,  conspires,  combines  or  confederates  with
  4    another person or solicits another person to commit any act prohibited in sub-
  5    section  (a)  of this section is guilty of a felony and is punishable as if he
  6    had actually committed such prohibited act.
  7        (c)  For the purposes of subsections (a)  and  (b)  of  this  section  the
  8    weight  of  the  controlled  substance as represented by the person selling or
  9    delivering it is determinative if the weight as represented  is  greater  than
 10    the actual weight of the controlled substance.
 11        (d)  A  person guilty of  an offense determined by the court to be primar-
 12    ily the result of addiction may be  sentenced  pursuant  to  section  19-2513,
 13    Idaho  Code,  if  a treatment plan pursuant to section 19-2524, Idaho Code, is
 14    included as a condition of the sentence.

 15        SECTION 2.  That Section 37-2739A, Idaho Code, be, and the same is  hereby
 16    amended to read as follows:

 17        37-2739A.  MANDATORY  MINIMUM PENALTY. Any person who is convicted of vio-
 18    lating the felony provisions of section 37-2732(a), Idaho Code, by  distribut-
 19    ing  controlled  substances  to  another person, who is not subject to a fixed
 20    minimum term under section 37-2739B, Idaho Code, and who has  previously  been
 21    convicted  within the past ten (10) years in a court of the United States, any
 22    state or a political subdivision of one (1) or more felony offenses  of  deal-
 23    ing,  selling  or trafficking in controlled substances on an occasion or occa-
 24    sions different from the felony violation of section 37-2732(a),  Idaho  Code,
 25    and which offense or offenses were punishable in such court by imprisonment in
 26    excess  of  one (1) year, shall be sentenced to the custody of the state board
 27    of correction for a mandatory minimum period of time of not  less  than  three
 28    (3)  years  or for such greater period as the court may impose up to a maximum
 29    of life imprisonment. The mandatory minimum period of three (3)  years  incar-
 30    ceration  shall  not  be reduced and shall run consecutively to any other sen-
 31    tence imposed by the court.
 32         A person guilty of  an offense determined by the court  to  be  primarily
 33    the  result  of  addiction may be sentenced pursuant to section 19-2513, Idaho
 34    Code, if a treatment plan pursuant to section 19-2524, Idaho Code, is included
 35    as a condition of the sentence.

 36        SECTION 3.  That Section 19-2524, Idaho Code, be, and the same  is  hereby
 37    amended to read as follows:

 38        19-2524.  SUBSTANCE  ABUSE AND MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT. (1) When a defend-
 39    ant has pled guilty to or been found guilty of a felony, or when  a  defendant
 40    who  has been convicted of a felony has admitted to or been found to have com-
 41    mitted a violation of a condition of probation, the court, prior to  the  sen-
 42    tencing  hearing  or  the  hearing  on  revocation of probation, may order the
 43    defendant to undergo a substance abuse assessment and/or a mental health exam-
 44    ination.
 45        (2)  If a substance abuse assessment  ordered  pursuant  to  this  section
 46    indicates that the defendant is a drug addict or alcoholic, as those terms are
 47    defined  in  section  39-302, Idaho Code, then the assessment submitted to the
 48    court shall also include a plan of treatment. If the court concludes  at  sen-
 49    tencing  that  the defendant is a drug addict or alcoholic, as those terms are
 50    defined in section 39-302, Idaho Code, and if the court places  the  defendant
 51    on  probation, the court may order the defendant, as a condition of probation,

                                       5

  1    to undergo treatment consistent with the plan of treatment, subject to modifi-
  2    cation of the plan of treatment by the court.
  3        (3)  (a) If a mental health examination is ordered pursuant to  this  sec-
  4        tion,   the report of the mental health examination shall include the fol-
  5        lowing:
  6             (i)   A description of the nature of the examination;
  7             (ii)  A diagnosis, evaluation or prognosis of the mental condition of
  8             the defendant;
  9             (iii) An analysis of the degree of the defendant's illness or  defect
 10             and level of functional impairment;
 11             (iv)  A  consideration  of  whether  treatment  is  available for the
 12             defendant's mental condition;
 13             (v)   An analysis of the relative risks and benefits of treatment  or
 14             nontreatment;
 15             (vi)  A  consideration  of the risk of danger which the defendant may
 16             create for the public if at large; and
 17             (vii) A plan of treatment if the mental health examination  indicates
 18             that:
 19                  1.  The defendant suffers from a severe and reliably diagnosable
 20                  mental illness or defect;
 21                  2.  Without treatment, the immediate prognosis is for major dis-
 22                  tress  resulting  in serious mental or physical deterioration of
 23                  the defendant;
 24                  3.  Treatment is available for such illness or defect; and
 25                  4.  The relative risks and benefits of treatment or nontreatment
 26                  are such that a reasonable person would consent to treatment.
 27        (b)  If the court, after receiving the mental health assessment  and  plan
 28        of  treatment,  determines  that  additional  information  is necessary to
 29        determine whether the factors listed above in subsection (3)(a) are  pres-
 30        ent, or to determine an appropriate plan of treatment, the court may order
 31        an  evaluation  and/or  recommendations for treatment to be furnished by a
 32        psychiatrist, licensed physician or licensed psychologist.
 33        (c)  If the court concludes at sentencing that all of the  factors  listed
 34        above  in  subsection  (3)(a)  are  present,  and  if the court places the
 35        defendant on probation, then the court may order as a condition of  proba-
 36        tion  that  the  defendant  undergo  treatment consistent with the plan of
 37        treatment, subject to modification of the plan of treatment by the court.
 38        (4)  Where the court has ordered either a substance  abuse  assessment  or
 39    mental health examination of the defendant pursuant to this section, the court
 40    shall  also  order  a criminogenic risk assessment of the defendant if such an
 41    assessment is not provided in the  presentence  report.  Any  substance  abuse
 42    assessment  or  report  of mental health examination shall, in addition to the
 43    criminogenic risk assessment, be delivered to the court, the defendant and the
 44    prosecuting attorney prior to the sentencing or the hearing on  revocation  of
 45    probation.
 46        (5)  If  the defendant is sentenced to the custody of the board of correc-
 47    tion, then any substance abuse assessment, report of mental examination,  plan
 48    of  treatment  or criminogenic risk assessment shall be sent to the department
 49    of correction along with the presentence report.
 50        (6)  The expenses of the assessments and examinations, including any eval-
 51    uation or recommendations for treatment ordered  under  subsection  (3)(a)  of
 52    this  section, and any treatment ordered by the court pursuant to this section
 53    shall be borne by the department of health  and  welfare.  The  department  of
 54    health  and welfare shall be entitled to any payment received by the defendant
 55    or to which he may be entitled for the assessments,  examinations  and  treat-

                                       6

  1    ment,  and  to  any payment from any public or private source available to the
  2    department of health and welfare because of the assessments, examinations  and
  3    treatment  provided  to the defendant. The department of health and welfare is
  4    authorized to promulgate rules for a schedule of fees to be charged to defend-
  5    ants for the assessments, evaluations and treatments provided to  the  defend-
  6    ants  based  upon the costs of such services and the ability of the defendants
  7    to pay.
  8         (7)  Annually, the supreme court and the department of  correction  shall
  9    include  in  their  report  to the joint finance-appropriations committee, the
 10    senate judiciary and rules committee and the house judiciary, rules and admin-
 11    istration committee and  the  governor  information  on  the  availability  of
 12    resources  for sentencing alternatives outlined in this section including, but
 13    not limited to, the number available and the need for the following resources:
 14        (a)  Adequately trained probation and parole officers;
 15        (b)  Transitional beds in work release centers and other residential tran-
 16        sitional facilities in the seven (7) public health districts  or  six  (6)
 17        judicial districts of the state;
 18        (c)  Educational,  psychological,  vocational, mental health and substance
 19        abuse programming personnel in community-based  programs  and  in  correc-
 20        tional facilities, including county jails;
 21        (d)  Drug  and  alcohol assessment specialists, rehabilitation specialists
 22        and case managers;
 23        (e)  Spaces  in  residential  therapeutic  community  programs  or   other
 24        evidence-based  intensive treatment and rehabilitation programs in correc-
 25        tional facilities as provided by  the  department  of  correction,  or  in
 26        community-based  settings as provided by the department of health and wel-
 27        fare.

 28        SECTION 4.  This act shall be in full force and effect on and  after  July
 29    1,  2008,  and the amendments in Sections 1 and 2 of this act shall apply only
 30    to those persons who shall commit an offense on or after July 1, 2008, and are
 31    not intended to repeal or amend those provisions of the Idaho Code which apply
 32    to persons committing an offense prior to July 1, 2008, which provisions shall
 33    continue to apply, and further, that amendments in this act are  not  intended
 34    to  repeal  or  amend  Sections  19-2520,   19-2520B,  19-2520C,  19-2520D  or
 35    19-2520E, Idaho Code. Provided that a defendant who committed an offense prior
 36    to July 1, 2008, but sentenced after July 1, 2008, may voluntarily opt to have
 37    the provisions of Sections 1 and 2 of this act apply to him during sentencing.

Statement of Purpose / Fiscal Impact


                    STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

                        RS 17856 C1
  
  The purpose of this legislation is to provide treatment
  focused alternative sentencing for certain mandatory minimum
  sentences. This legislation will allow judges, where
  appropriate, to sentence those whose crime was primarily the
  result of addiction, to a treatment focused track so as to
  more effectively rehabilitate offenders, reduce recidivism
  and slow growth in Idaho's non-violent offender population.
   
  
                       FISCAL IMPACT
  
  There is no fiscal impact under this legislation. There may
  however be a reduction to some extent the number of
  offenders sentenced to additional years in Idaho
  correctional institutions under Idaho's mandatory minimum
  sentences. Shorter sentences and reductions in recidivism
  will free prison beds, reduce the need for prison space, and
  create cost savings, while more effectively rehabilitating
  offenders and returning them to productive lives.
  
  
  
  
  
  Contacts:
  Rep.Nicole LeFavour                Rep. Lynn Luker Luker
  Rep.Phil Hart                      Rep. Raul Labrador
  Rep.Eric Anderson                  Rep. Dick Harwood
  Phone: 208 724-0468
  
  
  STATEMENT OF PURPOSE/FISCAL NOTE                   H 516